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FELB远东陆桥/铁路集装箱国际运营商

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1.远东陆桥介绍

远东陆桥历经七年,开创了以西伯利亚铁路为依托的欧亚铁路集装箱运输线路。我们经过数年与铁路沿线各相关方面达成协议,落实铁路线路与物流安全后,终于推出了这一比传统海运更快捷的运输方式。

2007年,我们与最初的合作伙伴TransContainer达成特殊协议,开始了第一个运输试验项目。历经数年发展,远东陆桥已拥有7000多个自备集装箱,列车始发频率由一周一班增加到一周六班。鉴于此,我们在欧洲和亚洲各创建了一个班列运营中心(BTC),超过100名的专业人员为客户提供不间断的高效率运营和高品质服务。目前,远东陆桥在中国和俄罗斯铁路沿线各战略要地都设有分支机构,使铁路连接系统日趋完整。

铁路运输作为海运和空运的完美替代方案,远东陆桥提供中国,韩国和欧洲之间的亚欧铁路双向运输服务。其中门到门服务及带箱服务是我们的两大特色。
我们的服务备受宝马,奥迪,大众,三星,LG等知名公司的青睐。对于潜在客户,铁路运输较易于整合到其现有的物流供应链中,有效节省运输成本。
其运输时间比海运缩短一倍以上,可为货主带来更充足的现金流和更大的灵活性(短期资本承诺和更低的利息支出)。此外,还可以显着缩短推向市场的时间。同时铁路运输能有效地避开欧亚港口周边的拥堵,提供快速地门到门服务。由此可见,处于铁路网附近的高价值货物或紧急货物是我们的主要服务对象。
铁路用集装箱的限重可达30吨。原材料,纺织品,汽车零部件,太阳能电池板和各种高科技设备都是铁路运输最常见的货物。基于每日发车的高 频次保障,若客户货量达到班列的要求,我们也可按照客户需求安排发车。
此外,作为绿色物流的倡导者,远东陆桥特别重视全球环境的保护和改善。

2.专访远东陆桥中国区总裁刘丽君——中欧班列全球供应链变革访谈系列

您可否为我们讲一讲远东陆桥(原称为:Far East Land Bridge Ltd.此处为直译)和中国的渊源呢?远东陆桥现在业务辐射多少城市?

Can you tell us about the origin of Far East Land Bridge Ltd. (FELB) in China? How many cities in which FELB is now present?

远东陆桥2007年进入中国以代表处的身份运营,并于2015年在上海正式成立分公司。注册时,“远东”和“陆桥”都属于不能注册的字眼,我一直都很遗憾无法以“远东陆桥”注册公司,大部分业内人士还是只认识远东陆桥。

FELB initially operated as a representative office in 2007 when it was accessing into China and formally incorporated a branch in Shanghai in 2015. At the time of registration, “Far East” and “Land Bridge” were words prohibited from being registered as a corporate name or a part thereof. I  always regretted being unable to register “Far East Land Bridge” because most people in the industry still only know Far East Land Bridge Ltd..

远东陆桥是最早实现商业化开行中欧集装箱过境班列的公司,没有之一。早在2002年,上海铁洋多式联运有限公司(TMT)开始尝试给富士康等企业测试班列运输,马士基(MAERSK)也曾经做过类似的尝试。然而真正把中欧集装箱铁路运输作为主营业务来开展的,远东陆桥是第一家。

FELB was the first company to realize commercial operation of transit China Railway Express for containers. As early as 2002, Shanghai Tieyang Multimodal Transportation Co., Ltd. (TMT) has commenced the trial transportation for Foxconn and other enterprises through CR express. MAERSK has also conducted a similar experiment. It is FELB that is the first company really engaging in rail container transportation through CR Express as its main business.

远东陆桥由犹太裔商人创立,在他们的努力下,04年到09年,远东陆桥获得了班列过境俄罗斯的多重优惠政策。遗憾的是,那时铁路集装箱运量不足5%,这些优惠政策未能在中国市场出现立竿见影的效果。但远东陆桥相信中欧班列的市场潜力,自2011年的成都、2012年的重庆以来,终于等到了中欧班列发展的春天。当时的他们无法想象,现在的远东每周开行12-13列,而纯承运部分只占比30%,货代却占了绝大部分的运量。

FELB was founded by Jewish businessmen.From 2004 to 2009, FELB was granted multiple preferential policies for transit of its trains through Russia. Unfortunately, at that time, the volume of railway container traffic was less than 5%, and our price remained very higher than the desirable price of the major customers since those preferential policies did not have an immediate positive effect in the Chinese market. However, FELB still believed in the market potential of CR Express, and fruits of the development of CR Express were seen in Chengdu in 2011 and in Chongqing in 2012. They would not imagine up till today, FELB could achieve weekly 12-13 full block trains, and even pure carrier volume is only occupying 30%, the rest is forwarding volume.

与此同时,俄铁物流于2012年完成对远东陆桥的收购。远东陆桥正式开始了第一条与政府合作的“苏满欧”班列项目。虽然苏州班列的运输补贴一向十分有限,但它却是我们不依靠政府补贴实现商业化运作的希望。目前远东陆桥在全国12个城市运营周班出口班列(由南到北:大朗、石龙、赣州、苏州、徐州、淄博、烟台、武汉、西安、沈阳、长春、哈尔滨),并在5个城市开行周班进口班列(苏州、沈阳、长春、哈尔滨、北京)。经我们的实践证明,目前的进出口运量是控制各维度风险的最优配比,起码补贴部分的风险可由多个短期和长期的应对机制来化解。

Meanwhile, FELB was acquired by RZD Logistics in 2012. FELB officially started the first Suzhou-Europe block train under partnership with the government. Despite of the limited transportation subsidy for the Suzhou-Europe block train, it represents our hope to realize commercial operation without relying on governmental subsidy. At present, FELB operates weekly block trains for export in 12 cities across China (from south to north: Dalang, Shilong, Ganzhou, Suzhou, Xuzhou, Zibo, Yantai, Wuhan, Xi’an, Shenyang, Changchun, and Harbin) and weekly block trains for import in 5 cities (Suzhou, Shenyang, Changchun, Harbin, and Beijing). I would say this is a better way to handle all sort of risks from the current market, at least we surely have plenty of mechanics to handle the risks from government subsidy.

现如今,重温这段历史,给予了我们对发展中欧班列事业更加深刻的思考。

Today’s look at this development history has offered us more profound thoughts on the development of CR Express.

远东陆桥上海运营团队

您在加入远东陆桥之前,从事什么行业?曾经的经历对目前的工作有哪些帮助?

What was your occupation before joining FELB? What are the benefits of your past experiences to your current job?

我与远东的缘分有近12年之久。在进入远东之前,我还在中铁多式联运北京公司工作过一段时间,也因此与铁路运输结下不解之缘,这段经历为我从事中欧班列的工作带来了莫大的收益,不仅从基层的角度认识了国际联运的操作模式,也积累了很多珍贵的人脉资源。去年远东经历了艰难的转型,并在今年上半年迅速扭亏为盈,也是受益于这些年在铁路圈子里摸爬滚打遇上的多个贵人。

I was connected to Far East almost 12 years ago. Before joining FELB, I worked in China Railway Multimodal Transportation Beijing Company for a period of time, thus forging a bond with railway transportation. This experience brought me great benefits for my career in CR Express as I not only understood how the international intermodal transportation operated from the most basic point of view, but also built a wide and precious interpersonal network. Last year FELB was going through a period of tough reforming, this first half year we start to be profitable again, changing from impossible to be potential and back to its shape is thankful for all those years great collection.

是什么契机让您加入远东陆桥?当时对中欧班列的发展有信心吗?

What was the opportunity for you to join FELB? At that time, were you confident in the development of CR Express?

加入远东陆桥也是机缘巧合下通过以色列使馆引荐。2007至2008年,我也只是了解到跨境铁路运输是一个全新的领域,并未预料到如今这样蓬勃的发展。其实在金融危机之前,海运与铁运的差价已经很小,中欧铁路运输也确实凭借运输时效的优势,迎来了一段快速发展的高潮期。

I was introduced to FELB by the Israeli Embassy. From 2007 to 2008, I learned that cross-border railway transportation is a brand-new field, and I did not expect today’s thriving of the field. Before the financial crisis, the price difference between sea freight and railway was already very small, and the advantage of transportation timeliness gave China-EU railway transportation unlimited development potential.

我们在很多客户的支持下,测试了多个全铁整柜运输至欧洲的班列,如德国宝马,韩国LG,富士康等等,既有成功,也有挫败。

With the support of many customers such as BMW, LG and Foxconn, we have tested many block trains by transported the full containers to Europe, and some of those tests were successful but some failed.

但全铁运输的困难也的确存在,横跨亚欧大段的运输距离长达11000公里,途中需要完成两次口岸换装,超过6道海关,手续繁琐。而金融危机后,中欧“港到港”海运价格一下子跌至不到3000美金。当时中国铁路运输还没有发展到120公里时速的“定点、定线、定车次、定时、定价”五定班列线条,零散货物只能按照零散铁路发运,到满洲里口岸运输时间被拉长,天津站至满洲里口岸就需要6-8天不等。

You can imagine the difficulties we encountered. The rail transportation distance between Europe and Asia is as long as 11,000 kilometers. We have to reload goods twice at the cross-over ports with more than 6 customs. After the 2008 financial crisis, the “port-to-port” sea freight between China and Europe suddenly dropped to less than US$ 3,000. However, China has not developed its railway transportation into the one featuring “fixed point, fixed line, fixed train number, fixed time and fixed price” and 120 kilometers per hour. Bulk cargos had to be transported through the non-fixed railways. The transportation time to Manzhouli Port was relatively long. For example, it had to take 6-8 days from Tianjin Railway Station to Manzhouli Port.

 

那几年,碍于贫乏的实践经验和恶劣的国际环境,大部分货代不愿意将铁路作为第一选择推荐给他们的客人,但还是有一些客户坚定支持中欧班列。值得一提的是,敦豪国际(DHL)是最早一批在政府补贴政策落实前,系统推进铁路产品的客户。现在回头看,不得不敬佩与感激这些客户勇于创新,敢于尝鲜,并给予这条全新线路足够的耐心和鼎力的支持。我相信,即使今后政府取消补贴,他们仍会一如既往地支持铁路运输。

In those years, we introduced CR Express to many freight forwarders, but due to lack of practical experience, most of freight forwarder were unwilling to recommend railway as the first choice to their customers. However, there were still many customers who firmly supported CR Express. It is worth mentioning that DHL was one of the first customers who systematically promoted railway products before the government subsidy policy was implemented. Looking back now, I should admire and appreciate these customers for their courage in innovation, and for their patience and full support for this new line, and I believe they will support railway logistics as always even after eliminating the government subsidy.

远东陆桥上海分公司如何在承运商和订舱方之间取得平衡?

How does FELB Shanghai Branch strike a balance between the roles of a carrier and a booker?

到目前为止,承运部分还是由欧洲总部来运营,上海分公司更侧重于货代的角色。当然,很多项目及服务是综合在一起的。一路走来,作为订舱方和承运方,我们一直都是一个互不相悖的角色。很多客户也习惯并认同这么一个浑然一体的角色,因为班列的运营必须拥有承运资源。在国内由于政府补贴而催生了“政府平台”的概念,而衍生出新的操作模式。

So far, cargos of Far East Land Bridge are still carried by its European headquarters, and as a branch,Shanghai branch focuses more on the role of freight forwarder. Of course, many projects and services are integrated. In the course of development, we, acting as both a booker and a carrier, have always played a non-contradictory role. Many customers are also accustomed to and recognized such an integrated role, because the operation of block trains requires transportation resources, but the concept of “government platform” has emerged in China due to government subsidies, from which new operation modes are derived.

在我们的营运模式中,在“后补贴”时代里,有订舱功能的承运方,或者有承运专业素养的订舱方会越来越多,其实大家已经在享受两者合一带来的便利。说到底,中欧班列真正的承运商是中国铁路总公司、俄罗斯铁路和欧洲各铁路公司,大家都各据一方,很难定义谁是绝对的承运方。远东陆桥一直把自己放在中欧班列承运协调方的位置,我认为还是比较贴切的。

In our operation mode, the “post-subsidy” era will see increasing carriers with space booking function or bookers with professional carriage skills. In fact, we have seen many such carriers and bookers. Even if they play different roles, they do not prevent us from enjoying the convenience brought by the combination of the carriers and bookers. As a matter of fact, the real carrier of CR Express is China Railway Corporation, Russian Railway and European railway companies. Each of them has their own basis. It is difficult to define which the absolute carrier is. FELB has always put itself in the position of coordinator of CR express transportation. I think it is more appropriate.

在南线如火如荼发展中,出于怎样的考量因素让公司仍然坚持在北线运输呢?满洲里口岸在加快一带一路建设,又如何发挥着怎样特别的作用?

With the development of the South Line in full swing, what considerations have made the company still insist on transportation on the North Line? How does Manzhouli Port play a special role in accelerating the Belt and Road Initiative?

我们的赣州经阿拉山口到杜伊斯堡的班列,以及最近对西安开始周班两出一进的承运,都表明我们认可阿拉山口在中欧班列运输中的优势地位,阿拉山口口岸具有天然地理优势,不会面临出口至俄罗斯/白俄罗斯的班列而造成的拥堵状况,我们也一直对阿拉山口口岸的换装能力赞不绝口,并期待开发更多的自主运营班列。届时,完全不排除我们会南北线并重

Our block trains from Ganzhou to Duisburg via Alashankou and the commencement of weekly two block trains for export and one block train for import from Xi’an to Europe have shown that we recognize Alashankou’s advantageous position in CR Express transportation. Alataw Pass has natural geographical advantages and does not face the congestion of Russian/Belarusian block trains for export. We have also been full of praise for the transshipment capability of Alataw Pass and look forward to developing more self-operated block trains. At that time, we will focus both on the South Line and on the North Line.

同时,我们仍旧相信满洲里口岸对中国华北、东北地区的天然地缘优势。我们是目前唯一一家在满洲里经营欧洲转运承运的公司,对经满洲里的欧洲班列、俄罗斯班列的混编优势持积极态度,即使以后政府补贴缩减,满洲里也将是每个城市在班列运输组织上可以积极投入的选择。而且相比较于阿拉山口,满洲里历史悠久,业态水平成熟,竞争力强。退一步说,一旦阿拉山口拥堵,二连浩特有限的换装能力下,满洲里口岸会是一个很好的后备方案。

At the same time, we believe Manzhouli Port has natural geographical advantages over North and Northeast China. At present, we are the only company operating European carriage and trans-shipment services in Manzhouli. We take a positive attitude towards the advantages of mixing the block trains to Europe and Russia that pass through Manzhouli. Even if government subsidies are reduced in the future, Manzhouli will be a choice that every city can actively invest in the CR Express transportation organization. Compared with Alashankou, Manzhouli has a long history, mature format and strong competitiveness. To say the least, Manzhouli Port will be a good backup plan once Alashankou is congested and Erenhot’s capacity to change packaging is limited.

在您看来,如何实现各平台公司的良性竞争,协作发展?

In your opinion, how to realize healthy competition and cooperative development among platform companies?

目前各个平台的协作已经很多,中铁成立有G7智慧物联网(汇通天下),各大平台公司也非常清楚如何差异化发展,避开恶性竞争。然而距离真正有效协作还有一段路要走,毕竟各地方政府握有主导权。

At present, there are a lot of cooperation among various platforms. China Railway has established the G7 Smart Internet of Things (Huitong World). Major platform companies are also very clear about how to differentiate their development and avoid vicious competition. However, after all, the local governments have the leading power in the development of CR Express transportation, therefore, effective cooperation is now not realized.

我认为,比较切实的协作需要第三方来完成,行业必定会出现可以经营多个平台的中立协调方,在补贴缩减后由市场选择稳定部分地区独立班列的价格和发运频度,在稳定的前提下满足业已形成的各个规模客户的需求。

In my opinion, more practical cooperation needs to be completed by a third party. The industry will definitely have a neutral coordinator who can operate multiple platforms. After the subsidy is reduced, the market players will choose to stabilize the prices and shipping frequency of independent block trains in some regions and meet the needs of customers of all sizes on the premise of stability.

 

如何优化铁路运输生态圈,从点到点之间的铁路运输流程,您有什么建议?

Do you have any suggestions regarding how to optimize the railway transportation ecosystem and the railway transportation process from point to point?

目前点到点之间的很多产品已经比较稳定,特别是补贴额度高的城市,其流程形成了一个完整的闭环。而充分竞争可以更好地完善市场。但在政府补贴下的铁路运输很难有充分的竞争,这是这个生态属性所决定的。

At present, many products from point to point have been relatively stable, especially in cities with high subsidies, and their processes have formed a completely closed loop. Full competition could improve the market. However, it is difficult for railway transportation subject to government subsidies to realize sufficient competition, which is determined by this ecological attribute.

 

在您加入之初,中欧班列的发展状况如何?现在中欧班列的发展,跟您当时的预期是否吻合?针对行业现状,远东陆桥做出了哪些努力和改变来提升传统业务服务,以及下一步的发展规划和战略方向?

At the beginning of your career in the company, what was the development status of CR Express? Is the current development of CR Express in line with your expectations at that time? According to the current situation of the industry, what efforts and changes have FELBmade to upgrade traditional business services, and what are the next development plan and strategic direction of Far East Land Bridge?

中欧班列成为物流行业里热点,这在当时是无法想象的。针对这个现状,我们更多地还是做了去本地化的操作,督促各个站点重视地面协调,在第一时间对任何变化做出应对。同时,加强境外运输承运操作的规模化标准化以中立身份,打包"站到站"一体化铁路班列服务,并以最大的灵活性与稳定性保持对现有客户的服务水准,是远东陆桥接下来的努力方向。

Back then, that CR Express will become a hot spot in the logistics industry was beyond imagination. In view of this situation, more of our efforts are made to de-localize, and at the same time we urge our branches in all cities to attach importance to ground coordination so that FELB could immediately respond to any changes in a more flexible and sensitive manner. At the same time, strengthening the standardization of overseas carriage operationsIn a neutral capacity, FELB will provide the “station-to-station” integrated railway train service and the service level for existing customerswill be maintained with maximum flexibility and stability, it is the direction of FELB.

身处在物联网时代,倡导共享经济的时代,中欧班列与传统铁路运输有哪些突破呢?实现共享班列经济需要做出哪些突破?

In the era of the Internet of Things and the promotion of the sharing economy, what breakthroughs have CR Express made compared with traditional railway transportation? What breakthroughs need to be made to realize shared block train economy?

中欧班列和传统铁路运输相比,大幅提升了国际间协调的专业性。我想突破很快就会到来,在某种意义上它已经到来。现在一些公共班列已经带有“共享班列”的色彩,物联网时代的共享班列可以为后补贴班列时代提供“软着陆”,而突破还在于服务的专业化、标准化,保持和积累灵活成熟的营运实力。

Compared with traditional railway transportation, CR Express has greatly improved the professionalism of international coordination. I think the breakthrough will come soon, and in a sense it has already come. At present, some public block trains already have been operating as the “shared block train”. The shared block train in the Internet of Things era can provide a “soft landing” for our post-subsidy trains. The breakthrough lies in the specialization and standardization of services, and the maintenance and accumulation of flexible and mature operating strength.

图片来源:远东陆桥上海

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